İbrahim Edhem Pascià

Ibrahim Edhem
Gran Visir dell'Impero ottomano
Durata mandato	5 febbraio 1877 –; 11 gennaio 1878
Monarca	Abdul Hamid II
Predecessore	Mithat Pascià (II mandato)
Successore	Ahmed Hamdi Pascià

Ibrahim Edhem (Chio, 1819 – Istanbul, 1893) è stato un politico ottomano, di origini greche, nonché Gran Visir dell'Impero ottomano dal 1877 al 1878.

Biografia

I primi anni

İbrahim Edhem nacque in Grecia,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] nel villaggio di Sakiz, sull'isola di Chio^[3]. Ancora giovane nel 1822 rimase orfano di entrambi i genitori morti durante il Massacro di Chio e venne catturato dai soldati ottomani.^[6] Venduto come schiavo^[7] al capitan pascià Husrev Pasha, comandante della flotta turca, e venne portato quindi a Costantinopoli^[8] per essere adottato quindi dal gran visir Koca Mehmed Hüsrev Pascià. Oltre ai propri figli, Hüsrev Pasha aveva accolto in casa sua molti bambini rimasti orfani e schiavi e li faceva ascendere ad importanti posizioni nella società turca dell'epoca.

Il bambino, rinominato İbrahim Edhem, si distinse presto per intelligenza e dopo aver frequentato le prime scuole di formazione in Turchia, sotto la supervisione di suo padre, il gran visir, e del sultano Mahumd II, fu uno dei tre primi turchi ad essere mandato a studiare in Occidente a Parigi distinguendosi come uno tra i migliori alunni dell'Ecole des Mines.^[9] Fu compagno di studi e amico personale di Louis Pasteur. Diplomatosi in ingegneria e tornato poi in Turchia fu il primo ingegnere minerario in senso moderno ed iniziò la sua carriera in questo campo.

La carriera

Ibrahim Edhem iniziò la sua attività nel campo dell'amministrazione nel ministero del commercio e dei telegrafi (1856-1857), passando poi ai lavori pubblici (aprile-maggio 1863), tornando poi al ministero dei telegrafi (aprile-maggio 1863) e poi nuovamente al commercio dal marzo 1865 al giugno 1866. Dal giugno del 1867 sino al marzo del 1868 fu governatore di Giannina.

Entrato in politica, fu membro del Divan imperiale e poi ministro della guerra (agosto 1870 – marzo 1871), rieletto a tale carica nel giugno del 1871 sino al maggio del 1873. Divenne quindi anche ministro del commercio (settembre 1871 - agosto 1872) e ministro dei lavori pubblici (febbraio 1874 - giugno 1875). Fu quindi ambasciatore a Berlino sino al suo trasferimento al consiglio di stato.

Il 5 febbraio 1877 il sultano Mahumd II lo nominò suo Gran Visir e sotto il suo periodo amministrativo egli inaugurò la Guerra turco-russa del 1877-1878, occupandosi anche di presiedere poi il consiglio di guerra per conto del sultano. Dopo il fallimento della guerra, venne dimesso dall'incarico di gran visir e venne nominato ambasciatore a Vienna.

Fu membro della massoneria^[10].

Morì a Istanbul nel 1893.

Suo figlio primogenito diventò il famoso pittore Osman Hamdi Bey.

Onorificenze

Cavaliere di I classe dell'Ordine di Medjidiyye

Cavaliere di I classe dell'Ordine di Osmanie

Note

^ Latimer, Elizabeth Wormeley, Russia and Turkey in the Nineteenth Century, BiblioBazaar, 2008, p. 204, ISBN 0-559-52708-X.
«Gand vizier Edhem Pasha…The history of Edhem is a curious one. He was born of Greek parents, and saved from the massacre of Scio in 1822. He was then sold as a slave in Constantinople, and bought by the grand vizier.»
^ Yust, Walter, Encyclopædia Britannica: a new survey of universal knowledge, Encyclopædia Britannica, 1956, p. 119, OCLC 3467897.
«HAMDI BEY, OSMAN (1842-1910), Turkish statesman 2id art expert, son of Hilmi Pasha, one of the last of the grand viziers of the old regime, was born at Istanbul. The family was of Greek origin. Hilmi Pasha himself, as a boy of 12, was rescued from the massacre of the Greeks at Chios in 1825 and bought by Mahmud»
^ ^a ^b Gilman, Daniel Coit, The New International Encyclopaedia, Dodd, Mead and company, 1906, p. 644, OCLC 223290453.
«A Turkish soldier and statesman, born of Greek parents on the island of Chios. In 1831 he was taken to Paris, where he was educated in engineering»
^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events, D. Appleton, 1878, p. 268, OCLC 184889012.
«EDHEM PASHA, the successor of Midhat Pasha as Grand Vizier, was born at Chio, of Greek parents, in 1823. He was saved, when a child, by Turkish soldiers»
^ Shankland, David, Archaeology, anthropology, and heritage in the Balkans and Anatolia: the life and times of F.W. Hasluck, 1878-1920, Isis Press, 2004, p. 125, ISBN 975-428-280-3.
«Osman Hamdi Bey's father, Edhem Pasha (c. 1818-1893) was a high official of the Empire. A Greek boy captured on Chios after the 1822 massacres, he was acquired and brought up by Husrev Pasha, who sent him to Paris in 1831 in order to acquire a western education.»
^ ^a ^b Littell, Eliakim, The Living age, The Living Age Co., 1888, p. 614, OCLC 10173561.
«Edhem Pasha was a Greek by birth, pure and unadulterated, having when an infant been stolen from the island of Chios at the time of the great massacre there»
^ Shaw, Wendy M. K., Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire, University of California Press, p. 2003, ISBN 0-520-23335-2.
«(Osman Hamdi)…His father, Ibrahim Edhem, was born in the Greek Orthodox village of Sakiz. After being captured as a prisoner of war during a village revolt, he was sold as a slave to the chief naval officer, Kaptan-I Derya Husrev Pasha, the head of the Ottoman Navy, who would also soon serve as vizier to the sultan.»
^ Finkel, Caroline, Osman's Dream, (Basic Books, 2005), 57; "Istanbul was only adopted as the city's official name in 1930..".
^ Latimer, Elizabeth Wormeley, Russia and Turkey in the Nineteenth Century, BiblioBazaar, 2008, p. 204, ISBN 0-559-52708-X.
«Gand vizier Edhem Pasha…the grand vizier, who sent him to Paris, whence he returned a bachelor of arts, and one of the best pupils at the Ecole des Mines.»
^ Gran Loggia di Turchia degli ALAM: Appartenenza di Edhem Pascià alla Gran Loggia Archiviato il 17 luglio 2011 in Internet Archive. (in turco)

Voci correlate

Gran visir dell'Impero ottomano

Altri progetti

Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su İbrahim Edhem Pasha

Collegamenti esterni

(EN) Opere di İbrahim Edhem Pascià, su Open Library, Internet Archive.

Controllo di autorità	VIAF (EN) 77764989 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0000 8271 7224 · LCCN (EN) n85258459 · GND (DE) 1127897683

Portale Biografie

Portale Politica

[1] Latimer, Elizabeth Wormeley, Russia and Turkey in the Nineteenth Century, BiblioBazaar, 2008, p. 204, ISBN 0-559-52708-X.
«Gand vizier Edhem Pasha…The history of Edhem is a curious one. He was born of Greek parents, and saved from the massacre of Scio in 1822. He was then sold as a slave in Constantinople, and bought by the grand vizier.»

[2] Yust, Walter, Encyclopædia Britannica: a new survey of universal knowledge, Encyclopædia Britannica, 1956, p. 119, OCLC 3467897.
«HAMDI BEY, OSMAN (1842-1910), Turkish statesman 2id art expert, son of Hilmi Pasha, one of the last of the grand viziers of the old regime, was born at Istanbul. The family was of Greek origin. Hilmi Pasha himself, as a boy of 12, was rescued from the massacre of the Greeks at Chios in 1825 and bought by Mahmud»

[ReferenceA-3] Gilman, Daniel Coit, The New International Encyclopaedia, Dodd, Mead and company, 1906, p. 644, OCLC 223290453.
«A Turkish soldier and statesman, born of Greek parents on the island of Chios. In 1831 he was taken to Paris, where he was educated in engineering»

[4] Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events, D. Appleton, 1878, p. 268, OCLC 184889012.
«EDHEM PASHA, the successor of Midhat Pasha as Grand Vizier, was born at Chio, of Greek parents, in 1823. He was saved, when a child, by Turkish soldiers»

[5] Shankland, David, Archaeology, anthropology, and heritage in the Balkans and Anatolia: the life and times of F.W. Hasluck, 1878-1920, Isis Press, 2004, p. 125, ISBN 975-428-280-3.
«Osman Hamdi Bey's father, Edhem Pasha (c. 1818-1893) was a high official of the Empire. A Greek boy captured on Chios after the 1822 massacres, he was acquired and brought up by Husrev Pasha, who sent him to Paris in 1831 in order to acquire a western education.»

[ReferenceB-6] Littell, Eliakim, The Living age, The Living Age Co., 1888, p. 614, OCLC 10173561.
«Edhem Pasha was a Greek by birth, pure and unadulterated, having when an infant been stolen from the island of Chios at the time of the great massacre there»

[7] Shaw, Wendy M. K., Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire, University of California Press, p. 2003, ISBN 0-520-23335-2.
«(Osman Hamdi)…His father, Ibrahim Edhem, was born in the Greek Orthodox village of Sakiz. After being captured as a prisoner of war during a village revolt, he was sold as a slave to the chief naval officer, Kaptan-I Derya Husrev Pasha, the head of the Ottoman Navy, who would also soon serve as vizier to the sultan.»

[8] Finkel, Caroline, Osman's Dream, (Basic Books, 2005), 57; "Istanbul was only adopted as the city's official name in 1930..".

[9] Latimer, Elizabeth Wormeley, Russia and Turkey in the Nineteenth Century, BiblioBazaar, 2008, p. 204, ISBN 0-559-52708-X.
«Gand vizier Edhem Pasha…the grand vizier, who sent him to Paris, whence he returned a bachelor of arts, and one of the best pupils at the Ecole des Mines.»

[10] Gran Loggia di Turchia degli ALAM: Appartenenza di Edhem Pascià alla Gran Loggia Archiviato il 17 luglio 2011 in Internet Archive. (in turco)

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Ibrahim Edhem


Gran Visir dell'Impero ottomano
Durata mandato	5 febbraio 1877 – 11 gennaio 1878
Monarca	Abdul Hamid II
Predecessore	Mithat Pascià (II mandato)
Successore	Ahmed Hamdi Pascià