Polyommatus
genere di farfalle
Polyommatus Latreille, 1804[1], è un genere di lepidotteri appartenente alla famiglia Lycaenidae, caratterizzato dalle abitudini sociali nella loro fase di maturazione, con i bruchi che vivono in simbiosi con le formiche.
Tutte le sue specie sono state ritrovate nell'ecozona paleartica. Recenti e approfonditi studi a livello molecolare hanno dimostrato che i generi Cyaniris e Lysandra, inizialmente inclusi tra i Polyommatus, hanno differenze tali da esserne stati differenziati.
Tassonomia
modificaLe specie appartenenti a questo taxon sono:[senza fonte]
- Polyommatus abdon E. & U. Aistleitner, 1994
- Polyommatus achaemenes (Skala, 2002)
- Polyommatus actinides (Staudinger, 1886)
- Polyommatus actis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
- Polyommatus admetus (Esper, 1785)
- Polyommatus aedon (Christoph, 1887)
- Polyommatus afghanicus (Forster, 1973)
- Polyommatus afghanistana (Forster, 1972)
- Polyommatus ahmadi (Carbonell, 2001)
- Polyommatus alcestis (Zerny, 1932)
- Polyommatus aloisi (Bálint, 1988)
- Polyommatus altivagans (Forster, 1956)
- Polyommatus amandus (Schneider, 1792) Amanda's blue
- Polyommatus amor (Lang, 1884)
- Polyommatus annamaria (Tutt, 1909)
- Polyommatus anthea (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)
- Polyommatus anticarmon (Koçak, 1983)
- Polyommatus antidolus (Rebel, 1901)
- Polyommatus apennina (Zeller, 1847)
- Polyommatus arasbarani (Carbonell & Naderi, 2000)
- Polyommatus ardschira (Brandt, 1938)
- Polyommatus ariana (Tutt, 1909)
- Polyommatus aroaniensis (Brown, 1976) Grecian anomalous blue
- Polyommatus artvinensis (Carbonell, 1997)
- Polyommatus aserbeidschanus (Forster, 1956)
- Polyommatus atlantica (Elwes, 1905)
- Polyommatus attalaensis (Carbonell et al., 2004)
- Polyommatus australorossicus (Lukhtanov & Dantchenko, 2017)
- Polyommatus avinovi (Shchetkin, 1980)
- Polyommatus baltazardi (de Lesse, 1963)
- Polyommatus barmifiruze (Carbonell, 2000)
- Polyommatus baytopi (de Lesse, 1959)
- Polyommatus bellargus (Rottemburg, 1775) Adonis blue
- Polyommatus bellis (Freyer, 1845)
- Polyommatus bilgini (Dantchenko & Lukhtanov, 2002)
- Polyommatus bilucha (Moore, 1884)
- Polyommatus birunii (Eckweiler & ten Hagen, 2001)
- Polyommatus biton (Sulzer, 1776)
- Polyommatus bogra Tshikolovets, 1992
- Polyommatus boisduvalii (Herrich-Schäffer, 1844)
- Polyommatus buzulmavi (Carbonell, 1992)
- Polyommatus caeruleus (Staudinger, 1871)
- Polyommatus carmon (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
- Polyommatus carmonides (de Lesse, 1960)
- Polyommatus celina (Austaut, 1879)
- Polyommatus chitralensis (Oberthür, 1910)
- Polyommatus cilicius (Carbonell, 1998)
- Polyommatus ciloicus (Tutt, 1909)
- Polyommatus coelestina (Eversmann, 1843)
- Polyommatus coridon (Poda, 1761) chalkhill blue
- Polyommatus cornelia (Gerhard, 1851)
- Polyommatus corona (Verity, 1936)
- Polyommatus csomai (Forster, 1938)
- Polyommatus cyane (Eversmann, 1837)
- Polyommatus cyaneus (Staudinger, 1899)
- Polyommatus dagestanicus (Forster, 1960)
- Polyommatus dagmara (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888)
- Polyommatus dama (Staudinger, 1891) Mesopotamian blue
- Polyommatus damocles (Herrich-Schäffer, 1844)
- Polyommatus damon (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
- Polyommatus damone (Eversmann, 1841)
- Polyommatus damonides (Staudinger, 1899)
- Polyommatus dantchenkoi (Lukhtanov & Wiemers, 2003)
- Polyommatus daphnis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
- Polyommatus darius (Eckweiler & ten Hagen, 1998)
- Polyommatus deebi (Larsen, 1974)
- Polyommatus demavendi (Pfeiffer, 1938)
- Polyommatus dezinus (de Freina & Witt, 1983)
- Polyommatus diana (Miller, 1912)
- Polyommatus dizinensis (Schurian, 1982)
- Polyommatus dolus (Hübner, 1823) furry blue
- Polyommatus dorylas (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
- Polyommatus dux (Tutt, 1909)
- Polyommatus ectabanensis (de Lesse, 1963)
- Polyommatus elbursicus (Forster, 1956)
- Polyommatus elena Stradomsky & Arzanov, 1999
- Polyommatus ellisoni (Pfeiffer, 1931)
- Polyommatus elvira (Eversmann, 1854)
- Polyommatus erigone (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)
- Polyommatus eriwanensis (Forster, 1960)
- Polyommatus ernesti (Eckweiler, 1989)
- Polyommatus eroides (Frivaldszky, 1835)
- Polyommatus eros (Ochsenheimer, 1808)
- Polyommatus erotides (Kurentzov, 1970)
- Polyommatus erotulus (Lang, 1884)
- Polyommatus erschoffi (Lederer, 1869)
- Polyommatus escheri (Hübner, 1823)
- Polyommatus esfahensis (Carbonell, 2000)
- Polyommatus eurypilus (Freyer, 1852)
- Polyommatus evansi (Forster, 1956)
- Polyommatus everesti (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)
- Polyommatus fabiani (Staudinger, 1899)
- Polyommatus fabressei (Oberthür, 1910) Oberthür's anomalous blue
- Polyommatus fatima (Eckweiler & Schurian, 1980)
- Polyommatus femininoides (Eckweiler, 1987)
- Polyommatus firdussii (Forster, 1956)
- Polyommatus forresti (Kurentzov, 1970)
- Polyommatus forsteri (Pfeiffer, 1938)
- Polyommatus fraterluci (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)
- Polyommatus frauvartianae (Lederer, 1870)
- Polyommatus fulgens (Sagarra, 1925) Catalan furry blue
- Polyommatus glaucias (Lederer, 1870)
- Polyommatus golgus (Hübner, 1813) Sierra Nevada blue
- Polyommatus gorbunovi (Eckweiler, 1989)
- Polyommatus guezelmavi (Olivier, Puplesiene, van der Poorten, de Prins & Wiemers, 1999)
- Polyommatus haigi (Dantchenko & Lukhtanov, 2002)
- Polyommatus hamadanensis (de Lesse, 1959)
- Polyommatus hispana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) Provence chalkhill blue
- Polyommatus hopfferi (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
- Polyommatus huberti (Carbonell, 1993)
- Polyommatus humedasae (Toso & Balletto, 1976) Piedmont anomalous blue
- Polyommatus hunza (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)
- Polyommatus icadius (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)
- Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775) common blue
- Polyommatus igisizilim (Dantchenko, 2000)
- Polyommatus interjectus (De Lesse, 1960)
- Polyommatus iphicarmon (Courvoisier, 1913)
- Polyommatus iphidamon (Staudinger, 1899)
- Polyommatus iphigenia (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847)
- Polyommatus iphigenides (Staudinger, 1886)
- Polyommatus iranicus (Forster, 1938)
- Polyommatus isauricoides (Gerhard, 1851)
- Polyommatus ischkaschimicus (de Lesse, 1957)
- Polyommatus juldusa (Staudinger, 1886)
- Polyommatus juno (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891)
- Polyommatus kamtshadalis (Sheljuzhko, 1933)
- Polyommatus kanduli (Dantchenko & Lukhtanov, 2002)
- Polyommatus karindus (Riley, 1921)
- Polyommatus kashgharensis (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891)
- Polyommatus kendevani (Forster, 1956)
- Polyommatus khorasanensis (Carbonell, 2001)
- Polyommatus khoshyeilagi (Blom, 1979)
- Polyommatus klausschuriani (ten Hagen, 1999)
- Polyommatus kurdistanicus (Forster, 1961)
- Polyommatus lanka Moore 1877
- Polyommatus larseni (Carbonell, 1994)
- Polyommatus lorestanus (Eckweiler, 1997)
- Polyommatus lycius (Carbonell, 1996)
- Polyommatus magnifica (Grum-Grshimailo, 1885)
- Polyommatus marcida (Lederer, 1870)
- Polyommatus melamarina (Dantchenko, 2000)
- Polyommatus melanius (Staudinger, 1886)
- Polyommatus menalcas (Freyer, 1837)
- Polyommatus menelaos (Kurentzov, 1970)
- Polyommatus meoticus (Ochsenheimer, 1808)
- Polyommatus merhaba (de Prins, van der Poorten, Borie, Oorschot, Riemis & Coenen, 1991)
- Polyommatus miris (Staudinger, 1881)
- Polyommatus mithridates (Toso & Balletto, 1976)
- Polyommatus mofidi (de Lesse, 1963)
- Polyommatus molleti (Carbonell, 1994)
- Polyommatus morgani (Le Cerf, 1909)
- Polyommatus muetingi (Bálint, 1992)
- Polyommatus myrrha (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
- Polyommatus nadira (Moore, 1884)
- Polyommatus nekrutenkoi (Dantchenko et al., 2004)
- Polyommatus nephohiptamenos (Brown & Coutsis, 1978) Higgins's anomalous blue
- Polyommatus ninae (Forster, 1956)
- Polyommatus nivescens (Keferstein, 1851) mother-of-pearl blue
- Polyommatus nuksani (Forster, 1937)
- Polyommatus olympicus (Lederer, 1852)
- Polyommatus paulae (Wiemers & De Prins, 2004)
- Polyommatus peilei (Le Cerf, 1909)
- Polyommatus pfeifferi (Brandt, 1938)
- Polyommatus phillipi (Lederer, 1852)
- Polyommatus phyllides (Staudinger, 1886)
- Polyommatus phyllis (Christoph, 1877)
- Polyommatus pierceae (Lukhtanov & Dantchenko, 2002)
- Polyommatus pierinoi (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)
- Polyommatus polonus (Schurian & Hofmann, 1983)
- Polyommatus poseidon (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851])
- Polyommatus poseidonides (Staudinger, 1886)
- Polyommatus posthumus (Christoph, 1877)
- Polyommatus pseudactis (Forster, 1960)
- Polyommatus pseuderos (Kurentzov, 1970)
- Polyommatus pseudoxerxes (Forster, 1956)
- Polyommatus pulchella (Bernard, 1951)
- Polyommatus putnami (Dantchenko & Lukhtanov, 2002)
- Polyommatus ripartii (Freyer, 1830) Ripart's anomalous blue
- Polyommatus rjabovi (Forster, 1960)
- Polyommatus rovshani (Christoph, 1877)
- Polyommatus sagratrox (Aistleitner, 1986)
- Polyommatus schuriani (Rose, 1978)
- Polyommatus semiargus (Rottemburg, 1775)
- Polyommatus sennanensis (de Lesse, 1959)
- Polyommatus sertavulensis (Koçak, 1979)
- Polyommatus shahrami (Skala, 2001)
- Polyommatus shamil (Dantchenko, 2000)
- Polyommatus sheikh (Dantchenko, 2000)
- Polyommatus sigberti (Olivier, Poorten, Puplesiene & de Prins, 2000)
- Polyommatus singalensis Moore, 1877
- Polyommatus stigmatifera (Ochsenheimer, 1808)
- Polyommatus stoliczkanus (Felder & Felder, 1865)
- Polyommatus surakovi (Koçak, 1996)
- Polyommatus sutleja (Moore, 1882)
- Polyommatus syriaca (Tutt, 1914)
- Polyommatus tankeri (de Lesse, 1960)
- Polyommatus tenhageni Schurian & Eckweiler, 1999
- Polyommatus theresiae (Schurian & van Oorschot & van den Brink, 1992)
- Polyommatus thersites (Cantener, 1834) Chapman's blue
- Polyommatus transcaspicus (Staudinger, 1899)
- Polyommatus tshetverikovi (Ochsenheimer, 1808)
- Polyommatus tsvetaevi (Forster, 1961)
- Polyommatus turcicolus (Koçak, 1977)
- Polyommatus turcicus (Koçak, 1977
- Polyommatus valiabadi (Rose & Schurian, 1977)
- Polyommatus vanensis (de Lesse, 1957)
- Polyommatus venus (Staudinger, 1886)
- Polyommatus violetae (Gómez-Bustillo, Expósito & Martínez, 1979) Andalusian anomalous blue
- Polyommatus vittatus (Oberthür, 1892)
- Polyommatus wagneri (Forster, 1956)
- Polyommatus xerxes (Forster, 1956)
- Polyommatus yurinekrutenko (Koçak, 1996)
- Polyommatus zamotajlovi (Shchurov & Lukhtanov, 2001)
- Polyommatus zapvadi (Carbonell, 1993)
- Polyommatus zarathustra (Eckweiler, 1997)
- Polyommatus zardensis (Schurian & ten Hagen, 2001)
Sinonimi
modifica- Nomiades Hübner, [1819]
- Hirsutina Tutt, 1909
- Bryna Evans, 1912
- Uranops Hemming, 1929
- Paragrodiaetus Rose & Schurian, 1977
- Glaucolinea Wang & Rehn
Sottogeneri
modifica- Polyommatus
- Agrodiaetus Hübner, 1822
- Meleageria Sagarra, 1925
- Plebicula Higgins, 1969
- Neolysandra Koçak, 1977
Note
modifica- ^ "Polyommatus Latreille, 1804" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Bibliografia
modifica- S. Ruffo e F. Stoch, Insecta Lepidoptera Papilionoidea, in Checklist and Distribution of the Italian Fauna. 10.000 terrestrial and inland water species, 2nd and revised edition, Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 2007.
- Gerard Talavera, Vladimir A. Lukhtanov, Naomi E. Pierce e Roger Vila, Establishing criteria for higher-level classification using molecular data: the systematics of Polyommatus blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), in Cladistics, vol. 29, n. 2, --, pp. 166–192, DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00421.x.
- Talavera, G., Lukhtanov, V.A., Rieppel, L., Pierce, N.E. & Vila, R. (2013): In the shadow of phylogenetic uncertainty: The recent diversification of Lysandra butterflies through chromosomal change. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69: 469–478.
- Vila, R., Lukhtanov, V.A., Talavera, G., Gil-T., F. & Pierce, N.E., How common are dot-like distributions? Taxonomical oversplitting in western European Agrodiaetus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) revealed by chromosomal and molecular markers. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 101:130-154, 2010, DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01481.x.
Altri progetti
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